How to Write a Good Conclusion Paragraph

As novelist Colm Toibin said, â€Å"Ending a novel is almost like putting a child to sleep – it can’t be done abruptly.† Thus it is important to add a smooth note in the end of your writing, leaving your reader with an interesting thought and, more importantly, keep them engaged till the very end of your essay. The conclusion is the final part of your essay, but yet important and vital part of it. It ties everything together and presents your essay as a polished, complete one. There are several techniques on writing the conclusion for an essay: brainstorming your conclusion avoiding common mistakes and pitfalls in writing the conclusion for an essay making your conclusion as effective as possible. To start from the beginning, let’s figure out what the conclusion paragraph for an essay means. Essay conclusion The conclusion for essay should make it clear to the reader what the overall message and argument is that you want them to take away. It should end in a way that is thought provoking, and looks to the future. There are few possible ways that could finish your essay depending on the tone you used in your writing: If the overall tone of your essay is sad, you could conclude on a hopeful note. If you want to close on a more somber note, you could also close with a comment that leaves this impression to the readers. There are a lot of different kinds of essays, so your conclusion is going to vary between each category. Before writing your conclusion, read over the rest of your paper and give it a fresh look. Put yourself in the reader’s shoes and try to imagine any questions you might have left unanswered and simply provide with the answers. How to write a conclusion for an essay The conclusion in an essay should be formatted like an upside-down introduction–from the most specific to the most general. Therefore, the first sentence of your conclusion paragraph should describe the main points of your paper. Start with a proposal that will interest the reader. The topic of the essay is of interest to you, because you are the author of this work, but the reader will not necessarily treat her the same way. Usually readers are very selective about what they are willing to pay attention to, and to what not. If the first paragraph does not impress them, they will not read any further, so its very important to start an essay with a sentence that immediately grabs the attention of the reader. If this sentence is logically linked to the rest of the text, there will not be anything wrong with using it as a bait. Try to start with a curious and not very well-known fact or statistics. You can also start with a stunning description or picture stated previously, if it is appropriate to do in your composition. If an assignment is indented to present someones opinion, then it should be mentioned respectively. If the task is called to present reasons of the issue or situation happened followed by solutions on how to solve it, then both need to be mentioned in the introduction. The conclusion paragraphs serve to summarize the whole writing and continue bringing readers eyes to the very last word of the essay. A good first sentence in conclusion part can grab the attention of the reader, but if you do not continue to summarize the thought, the reader will give up reading in the middle and this is not what you are up to. After the first sentence stated in the conclusion paragraph, one or two sentences should follow later. Those sentences should logically link the first sentence stated in the introduction part with the main text previously presented. In the end of your writing, tell the reader what your composition was about. As a rule, the conclusion part used by the author of the essay pursues a certain goal. This is the final place where the author can make the reader change his mind on some question. The writer can also use the technique of convincing the reader to do something for a reason, or, the author might want to shed some light on something that was unspoken or misunderstood. Another good practice that writers use is intended to make the reader think, leaving some special aftertaste on the writing. Whatever the intention of the writer, in the conclusion he must explain to the reader what the purpose of this essay was. All in all you need to remember to be concise and clear; you should be able to summarize each main point in a simple phrase that avoids restating each detail related to the point you presented above. Our suggestion is to list off the points as a reminder to your audience about what they’ve just read. Keeping in mind that every basic conclusion has several key elements, elaborate on them by giving an example for each point, one sentence each- be short while summarizing the essay. While writing a college essay conclusion, another good advice can be to look for the examples of essay’s conclusions in the internet. This will help you in getting a better understanding of how to do it properly. And it will allow you to learn actually by looking at some other conclusions examples. Such approach often works best and guide you to the idea of essay conclusion paragraph writing better. If you are still unsure about your conclusion or any other part of your essay, what you can do here is to try searching for professional services to point you in the right direction.

Meaning of Shizuka in Japanese

Shizuka is a Japanese word meaning silent, quiet or gentle. Learn more about its pronunciation and usage in the Japanese language below. Pronunciation Click here to listen to the audio file. Meaning silent; still; quiet; calm; peaceful; gentle Japanese Characters é â„¢Ã£ â€¹ 㠁â€"㠁šã â€¹ Example Translation Toshokan de minna wa shizukani hon o yondeita.å› ³Ã¦â€º ¸Ã© ¤ ¨Ã£  §Ã£  ¿Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£  ¯Ã© â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  «Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ª ­Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š or in English: In the library everybody was reading books quietly. Antonym urusai 㠁†ã‚‹ã â€¢Ã£ â€ž

“aP” and “Barn Burning” a Compare and Contrast Essay”

Sammy from John Updike’s â€Å"AP† and Sarty from William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† are two great examples of young people raising their standards and doing what they believe is right. In â€Å"AP†, Sammy is nineteen years old and works at a local grocery store named the AP. His life changes the day he quits his job after defending three girls that are â€Å"called out† by Lengel, the manager, for breaking the unwritten dress code. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, Sarty is a ten year old boy who struggles between the fine line of right and wrong when his father, Abner Snopes, is put on trial for burning down a barn. When his father attempts to burn down another barn, Sarty takes charge and warns the owner. â€Å"AP† and â€Å"Barn Burning† are short story classics that†¦show more content†¦Sarty never justifies his father’s actions and is aware that if he allows things to remain the same, he will become a product of his environment. This is his motive for warning Abner’s next barn burning victim and his chance to move on with his life. The time periods and locations in which â€Å"AP† and â€Å"Barn Burning† take place are very different. Sammy lives in a more favorable time in the United States than Sarty. â€Å"AP† is set in a small town north of Boston, Massachusetts around 1960. At this time, the United States was the main military manufacturer and financial power in the capitalist world. The â€Å"Hippie Movement† just started and shocked many traditional families with a new way of living. Sarty lives in Mississippi about twenty years after the Civil War. Life was tough for Mississippians post Civil War. The Southern states were in debt and devastation from the war was everywhere. Although America was transforming into a more modern country in both stories, the time periods in which they live are completely opposite. Sammy and Sarty are two protagonists that have to mature beyond normal circumstances and experience the â€Å"real world† at tender ages. Each character is forced to grow up and refine themselves in their darkest hour. Sammy and Sarty are both dissatisfied with their authority figures; however, the time periods in which they live take place in differentShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesaware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages........................................................................... 553 Exercises .......................................................................................................................................... 555 1 C H A P T E R 1 How to Reason Logically T he goal of this book is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. Your logical-reasoning skills are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someones point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluateRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesAbbreviations: Parts of speech of headwords have been indicated in this edition as follows adj. aux. v. cf. coll. conj. dem. E. enc. esp. ext. suff. H. infl. suff. int. int. lit. n. num. p.n. prep. pron. poss. quant. usu. v. Y. adjective auxiliary verb compare colloquial conjunction demonstrative English enclitic especially extensional suffix Hausa inflectional suffix interjection interrogative literally noun numeral proper name preposition pronoun possessive pronoun quantifier usually verb Yoruba derivedRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages © Veer Images Typeface: 10.5/12 Times Roman Compositor: Aptara ®, Inc. Printer: Worldcolor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Larson, Erik W., 1952Project management: the managerial process / Erik W. Larson, Clifford F. Gray. —5th ed. p. cm. —(The McGraw-Hill/Irwin series, operations and decision sciences) Grayâ₠¬â„¢s name appears first on the earlier editions. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) 1. Project management. 2. Time management

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 1442 Words

In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen there are several characters that at initial glance seem only to serve as a comparison point for Elizabeth Bennett’s shortcomings and successes. Mary Bennett, the middle Bennett sister, serves as a contrast to Elizabeth Bennett; the two sisters despite having many commonalities are handled quite differently in the text. Mary is used a reflection of what a woman who seeks a husband ought not to be. She has for too long studied the behavioral books for young ladies available at the time. Mary represents the ideology of a woman who has not only pride but also vanity. This character’s poor relations and lack of understanding reflects a societal appreciation for those who have balance between morals, compassion, and pride and disdain for the overly learned, those uninterested in marriage and the sense of vainglory. Austen gives credence to this analysis through the use of diction and character dynamics within the novel. Austen’s characters are handled in relation to those around them, which reflects how the reader is supposed to view them. Particularly we are focusing on how Austen exaggerates and focuses in on very specific traits of Mary that not only serve the purpose of bolstering Elizabeth’s characterization but also serve to highlight the negative parts of an ideology that does not foster both good sense and compassion/kind-heartedness. We can see this in how Austen handles the character in Pride and Prejudice. In general charactersShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. 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Whether they are confiding in each other for marriageRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen872 Words   |  4 PagesIn my personal cherished novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the worlds of two immensely divergent people display the marxist idea of the importance of social status and its affect on the people. The two main characters seem to be on opposite ends of the earth in terms of an affluent Mr. Darcy being so privileged while on the contrary, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is of a lower class. Throughout the novel, there is a fine distinction between their clashing opinions and actions that are highly influencedRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pageshe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. 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The book begins with Mrs. Bennet seeing an opportunity for her daughtersRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe comical novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen depicts the love life of women in the early 1800’s. Austen shows the hardships young women in that time period had to go threw to find their place in this world. Women were thought of as objects to the men, they were supposed to be stay at home mothers, or simple just a accessory to their partner. Women were the subordinates in life, as they still are today. Austen tells the story of how Mrs. Bennet (a mother of 5) works tirelessly to get her daughte rsRead MoreJane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 1086 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen, born December 16, 1775, was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction earned her a place as one of the most widely read authors in English literature. Austen’s novels critique the life of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism. Though her novels were by no means autobiographical, her fictional characters do shed light on the facts of her life and but more importantly, they offered aspiring writers a model of howRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen914 Words   |  4 Pages Bell 1 Natalie Bell Pedersen English 4 honors 29 February 2016 Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, focuses on the social conflicts of England during the 1800s. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy fall in love, and face social criticism. Mr. Darcy struggles with the ideology of societal expectations while falling in love with Elizabeth Bennet. After persistent self-reflection, Mr. Darcy overcomes the stereotype of whom he should marry, and marries ElizabethRead More Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 1104 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of over 50% from 1970-2010. However, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage was often one of the few choices for a woman’s occupation. Reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen from the twenty-first century perspective might make some matters that are stressed in the book seem dated or trivial. As Pride and Prejudice was set sometime during the Napoleonic Wars, it is only fitting that finding a proper marriage is on the minds of many of the women in the book. Marriage and marrying

People Should Consume Organic Product Essay - 1464 Words

Food directly affects to human health; it supplies energy for human activities. Now, choosing good foods for family becomes a hard problem with many households when people hear about the toxic ingredients in food every day. The diseases, which have been linked to food poisoning, are increasing day by day. The development of new technology analyzed the nutrient elements, and figured out the risks of poisonous elements in food. The scientists researched a new farming method called organic farming method that is producing the best quality food for every person. Nowadays, organic food has become a familiar term with many people. People should consume organic food because it reduces health risks, tastes great, protects the environment, and†¦show more content†¦For instance, the effect on cells is up to four times when Brilliant Blue and MSG are combined. It will go up to seven times when Quinoline Yellow and Aspartame are combined together (Lee par. 6). The reason of diarrhea is from remaining toxic elements, which cannot be cleaned by rinsing. Moreover, organic foods have more nutritional elements. Those are essential ingredients, which enhance people’s health. According to the Organic Consumers Association, organic food has 25% more nutrition in terms of vitamins and minerals than products derived from industrial agriculture. Organic products have higher level of beta-carotene, vitamin A, D, E, essential acids, and essential minerals (â€Å"Why We† par. 1-2). Furthermore, organic farming method also protects the farmers and the pickers who are working and contacting with pesticides everyday on the farm. The consumers protect the farmers indirectly, and protect themselves directly because organic food does not contain pesticides. In 2007, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency data, the amount of pesticide active ingredient used in farming in the U.S. is 1,133 million pounds (3). It is true that the remaining pesticide s can be removed after washing in some kind of fruit and veggies, but it is only a small proportion. The remaining pesticides in non-organic food cannot be removed after washing especially in thinner skin fruit such as strawberries,Show MoreRelatedGmo Labelling Should Be Mandatory938 Words   |  4 Pagesinto a product with a lower price, greater benefit, such as the durability and the nutritional value, or both. GMOs have not been proven to be safe as of yet. The long-term consequences of them on our health and environment have not been adequately investigated. There is a contentious debate today whether or not GMO labelling should be mandatory. There are arguments both for and against mandatory labelling across the world. Consumers have the right to know what is in their food. They should also beRead MoreEssay on The Controversy of Organic vs. Nonorganic Food Production1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthe average person in America consumes nearly a ton of food, and the majority of this consists of packaged and highly processed products. These foods also contain a substantial amount of unwanted fats and chemicals. The growing of organic versus nonorganic food has been a controversial issue for a long time among organic and nonorganic farmers and their customers. This is due to the myriad definitions of healthy eating and the stated benefits on both sides. Organic foods prove to be more beneficialRead MoreThe Federal Government Should Require Labeling Of Gmo’S1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe Federal Government should require labeling of GMO’s on genetically modified foods. The people deserve to know what they put in their bodies. Some of the food is very unhealthy and some people are completely unaware of that fact. Many food companies do not put out all the information about what goes into the food in which we consume, if the Federal government were to require labeling of all GMO foods then the people could be well educated about what they put inside their bodies, and know if itRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Eating Organic Foods1166 Words   |  5 Pagesmajority of people around the globe hope to live a happy and healthy life. Reaching these goals is what most people spend their entire life trying to achieve. There are basic needs that every person has: shelter, clothing, water, and food. In the past when individuals wer e able to provide for themselves and their families they were able to be content. In the present day however, there is an increasing concern about what type of food is best. Another question is, what type of food should one provideRead MoreIs Milk Harmful Or Helpful For Humans?904 Words   |  4 Pagesare, without vitamins and minerals being a part of our daily intake people would eventually develop health conditions. That’s why as a young child you always heard your guardians hollar to drink your glass of milk so you can grow big and strong. A concerning issue arising is if milk if truly beneficial towards human health or hazardous. When it comes to the topic of obtaining all nutrients to live a healthy life majority of people will readily agree that this is true. Where this agreement usuallyRead MoreA Report On Foodborne Disease1506 Words   |  7 PagesZealand food safety authority; people who manufacture, handle, prepare or sell food from any mobile food stall are subj ect to food safety laws and regulations. It is illegal to sell food which is not safe which can cause illness to the customer. Food stalls and mobile food truck should have food and safety licence to operate so that the local health department can track the truck for inspection and the grades provided to the truck helps to increase the sale of the product and assured customers to eatRead MoreA Research Study On Social Research Methods1605 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica. In total 25 people responded to the survey in which there were 17 female respondents, 7 male respondents, and 1 respondent who did not indicate their gender. However for six of the survey questions some of the participants were excluded due to response error. 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Most people believe that GMOs are a new way of how foods are being produced, and even though GMOs have been increasing there should still be certain precautions must be taken when consuming GMOs. Being because GMOs can be very serious issues, and since there are a lot of misconceptions about it, it is imperative that people understand what GMOs are and the problems that they are causing. For instance, GMO’s areRead MoreAre Gmos Beneficial For Human Consumption?1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), most of us will readily agree that consumption of GMOs will cause long-term health concerns. A number of people who have been consuming GMOs have recently suggested, that GMOs are safe to consume because they have better nutrition’s than organic foods do. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of are GMOs beneficial for human consumption? Genetically Modified Organisms are living organisms whose genetic

Marketing Strategy of Ethiad Airways free essay sample

Etihad Airways, the national airline of the United Arab Emirates, has in just eight years established itself as the world’s leading airline. Set up by Royal Decree in July 2003, Etihad commenced commercial operations in November 2003 and became the fastest growing airline in the history of commercial aviation (Etihad, 2012). Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, is the airline’s hub. The airline seeks to reflect the best of Arabian hospitality – cultured, considerate, warm and generous – as well as enhance the prestige of Abu Dhabi as a centre of hospitality between East and West. However, nowadays it is very hard to maintain the business in such a competitive market in times of recovery from the recent recession. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that just providing a service is not enough. Firstly, this report overviews the external environment in which Etihad has to survive and compete, evaluating its main challenges and opportunities. Secondly, Etihad’s main marketing strategies will be identified and critically discussed. Thirdly, the extent to which adopted marketing strategies help to achieve and sustain the competitive advantage will be analysed. Finally, the conclusion will be drawn based on achieved knowledge and personal assumptions. 2. 0 External Environment Analysis For better understanding of the marketing strategy that Etihad uses, it is crucial to analyse the external environment in which the company operates. 2. 1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis In order to examine the positioning strategy and forces of the external environment that may potentially affect the Etihad’s performance, it has been decided to adopt the classical Porter’s Five Forces model. By using this model, it is possible to judge the extent to which an external environment is able to shape the costs, the prices and the profits of the organisation (Porter, 1980). * Competitive rivalry in the industry high In terms of competitors, Etihad Airlines’ main competitors are the companies operating in Middle East, which are Emirates Airlines, Quatar Airways and Gulf Air. These airlines operate in a higher price and quality spectrum than, for example, Air Arabia and are being direct competitors for each other (McKechnie et al. , 2008). Rivalry between these companies is very intensive, as there are a small number of competitors on the market. * Bargaining power of customers low In order to have a significant amount of power in the industry, there should be a few customers who can dictate their rules to the organisations, as for example in some B2B cases. However, there are millions of customers, who are willing to fly to and from Middle East, where Etihad operates, therefore, customers have a very limited power. * Bargaining power of suppliers high For the airlines organisations the main suppliers are the aircraft manufacturers and the oil companies. In both cases there are a very few of them. Therefore, airline industry companies have a very limited power over their suppliers. Additionally, as it has been announced by the International Air Transport Association (2008), the global airline industry possesses losses due to the increased oil prices which also decrease the industry’s profitability. * Threat of new entrants low The threat of new entrants depends on the number and complexity of the barriers to entry. The barrier of the starting capital or investment is extremely high in the airline industry. Also, there are a lot of legal or patents issues with opening and maintaining of the airline organisation, which also is a barrier to entry. The brand loyalty is another very important barrier to entry. When choosing the airlines, customers, especially â€Å"the high profile† ones, are being very careful about health and safety, comfort and other details, therefore tend to choose companies with the brand they trust. Overall, the threat of new entrants is low, because there is a number of very hard to overcome barriers to entry, and if the small company appears on the market, it tends to be absorbed by one of the major players in the industry. Threat of substitutes – low Airlines industry – being an important sector of travel and tourism industry will have such potential substitutes as the sea, railway and road types of transportation. However, as Etihad is operating in an upper-class prices level, the threat of substitutes would be fairly low. In terms of potenti al business travellers, the time would be more important than money for them. In terms of leisure tourists, the prices may matter, however, cruise ships’ tickets tend to be more expensive than the planes’ ones. The main component of the firm’s marketing strategy and the rationale for this strategy in light of the environmental conditions in which it operates; 3. 1 Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning In marketing, segmentation, targeting and positioning are inseparable as they all related to each other. Segmentation is dividing the market into different groups with similar needs. Targeting is determining which offerings to make to each market segment and then the final step is to position the brand within the target market (Hooley and Saunders, 1993). Traditionally, airlines segment their customers in order to align their product strategy according to the different segments (Teichert et al, 2008). 3. 1. 1 Segmentation Market Segmentation was defined by Baines et al (2008, p. 217) as the division of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs. Alternatively, Kotler et al (2005, p. 391) add that these groups of customers have different needs, characteristics and behaviours and they require different marketing or product mixes. Customers can be segmented according to geographic, demographic, psychographic and behaviour variables. Etihad segment their customers according to three different boarding classes, which are: Diamond First Class, Pearl Business Class and Coral Economy. Each class is aimed at a different customer segment. Diamond First Class is aimed at wealthy individuals and business people who are willing to maintain their luxurious lifestyle in the air. Pearl Business is targeted at business and leisure travellers who are willing to pay more to enjoy a better flying experience. Coral Economy is aimed at customers who are on a budget but willing to enjoy a comfortable flying experience with the highest level of service. It is worth noting that Etihad is a five star airline and provides the highest level of service. According to Milne (2009) Etihad segment their customers according to business, religious, personal and tourist purposes. The rationale behind Etihad’s segmentation is to appeal to all types of customers with different income levels. Based on the prices that Etihad charge, it is clear to see that they aim for the middle and upper class social sector customers who command high standards of hospitality and luxury. 3. 1. 2 Targeting Once a company has segmented their customers into different groups based on their characteristics, the next step is to target their customers with products and services that might appeal to that particular customer segment. Etihad airlines follow a differentiated marketing approach which involves targeting several market segments and designing separate offers for each (Kotler et al, 2005, p. 419). Etihad is different from their rivals because they are smaller airline but they are a luxury brand and offer personalised services to all their customers in spite of what class they are travelling in. By differentiating the market, this might lead to higher sales volumes for Etihad because they are able to exploit the segments with their offerings. The benefits of the strategy are its difficulty for competitors to copy and the level of service cannot be obtained anywhere else by the customer. A disadvantage of the strategy is the high volume of resources required to meet the needs of different customers, resulting in a loss of economies of scales and increased operating costs for the company. 3. 1. Positioning A positioning strategy determines where the business competes, how it competes and the choice of differential advantage which dictates how it competes (Doyle and Stern, 2006, p. 84). Positioning is important for an organisation because it is a way for a business to stand out from its rivals and let the customers to identify the brand easily (Baines, 2008, p. 251). Etihad positions itself within the airline industry as a luxury brand which offers 5 star hospitality and luxury personalised service. Etihad’s on-board services are hospitality orientated and are similar to those of 5 star hotels. The airline industry is very competitive and it is hard to differentiate between the quality of services because they almost the same and there is not much of a distinctive difference between them. Etihad has a competitive advantage in this market by starting out as a luxury brand form the outset. Other airlines are now trying to raise their standards but this will take a long time to achieve. Etihad is positioned at the high end of the airline industry. In comparison to RyanAir and Easyjet, these airlines are at two extremes of the scale and it is clear that Etihad does have a strategy that makes it different from all the airlines on the market. Because Etihad has positioned itself well within the industry, it has capitalised on its uniqueness. The company achieved a huge success in the short time of operating and established a strong sustainable market position. Looking at the STP of Etihad in the light of the environmental conditions in which it operates, it is clear to see that the conditions are a little bit tough due to competition from cheaper airlines and the gloomy economic outlook. Due to the recession, people are tightening their belts and spending less, therefore most people would prefer to pay less to fly to their chosen destinations. This is where Etihad stand to lose out to cheaper airline companies. 40% of their revenue comes from economy class seats, therefore if they price themselves too high in these current economic conditions, they risk losing a huge chunk of their revenue to other airlines because customers will always go for the cheaper airline ticket. In terms of competition, Emirates amp; Qatar Airways are Etihad’s biggest competitors, fighting for the same customers. Also these two companies are more established and have a bigger customer base than Etihad. Etihad is still a very young company being vulnerable to competition. However, it seems they are doing very well and recently broke even, planning to expand, while maintaining their current market position. All this can be accredited to their solid marketing strategy which they are using to maximise their benefit and strengthen their position within this market. 4. 0 Strategic Alliances Strategic alliances reduce the boundaries between firms and enable easier flow of knowledge across those boundaries. This process creates the possibility for organisations to share administrative authority, form social links and joint ventures (Badaracso, 1991). One of the reasons why firms engage in strategic alliances includes sufficient resources, low pace of innovation, low technology, high manufacturing cost and market access (Doz, 1996). Another reason to collaborate in strategic alliances is to create a competitive advantage over competitors in the market (Lei and Slocum, 2005). Also, strategic alliance help companies to bring their products on to the new innovation level (Zhang, 2010). The advantage of strategic alliances is to share the risk and cost of products. Firms join strategic alliances for compiling technologies and assets, enhancing easier access to resources and technologies (Ohmae, 1989). Firms could assure the sufficiency of their resources, that the new technologies to maintain their advantages with the strategic alliances (Ireland, et al. , 2002). The disadvantages of strategic alliances is that organisations might give their partners more than they gain, the exchange of resources, benefits and knowledge should be reciprocated between the firms. Organizations could stand the chance of losing their competitive advantages if they provide benefits such as resources, knowledge and technology. Most strategic alliances don’t maintain their cooperative relationships for a long term as most strategic alliances are based on the current benefits rather than future competitive advantages. Also, in strategic alliances, the effect of competition can lead to aggressive knowledge acquisition from partner firms (Kaplan, et al. , 2010). Notably, many alliances fail as a result of inter firm rivalry (Park and Ungson, 2001). When firms merely pursue self-interests (competition) but neglect common benefits (derived from cooperation), partner firms may lose motivation to continue the alliance. Implementing any organisational alliance successfully depends upon a firm’s knowledge and ability to manage interdependencies with a partner through on-going coordination with that partner, to credibly convey relevant information and knowledge to the partner, and to develop social bonds with the partner (Ireland, et al. , 2002). Strategic alliance between airlines, as defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), is â€Å"a merging of resources, operations, of financial interests between [one] entity and [another] entity (Vander-Kraats, 1993). This entity could be an air carrier or a repair station and could involve the sharing of parts or the utilization of mechanics, pilots, and flight attendants. Some of the strategic alliance adopted by Etihad can include code-sharing agreements, marketing arrangements, procurement policies, system commonality, and interchanges of flight-crew personnel and sponsorship with other major organisation (Vander-Kraats, 1993). Etihad pursuit of code sharing agreement has become a key part of its marketing strategy. A  codeshare agreement, sometimes simply  codeshare, is an aviation business arrangement where two or more airlines share the same flight. A seat can be purchased on one airline but is actually operated by a cooperating airline under a different  flight number or code. Etihad has a major partnership with Virgin Blue’s group of airlines which enables Virgin Blue’s international brand â€Å"V Australia† to operate joint services with Etihad. Combined, these two airlines offer joint networks of more than 100 destinations (Etihad, 2012). To succeed, alliance partners must encourage true collaboration beyond the formal governance structure and learn how to adapt and integrate knowledge acquired from the alliance to serve the specific needs of their own innovative efforts (Hughes and Weiss, 2007). Through these alliances Etihad strengthen their core-competence such as stronger brand name, and capture a stronger client base. 5. 0 Sponsorship Etihad’s sponsorships portfolio includes sports and major tourism events in the U. A. E and different regions in the world. Commercial sponsorships is defined as a cash investment in an activity, person or event, while in return gaining the access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that activity or person by the investor (Meenagham, 1991). Sponsorships provide the mechanism for changing, adjusting or reinforcing brand equity supported on updated processing of attributes, benefits and attitudes (Keller, 1998). Corporate sponsorships are used to enhance the brand equity by raising awareness and creating positive brand associations in the mind of consumers (Gwinner and Eaton, 1999; Meenagham, 1991). This highlights the effects and significance of strong brands as it possesses the ability to attract a wide audience. The advantages of sponsorships include the promotion of caring attitude and goodwill. The good example of successful sponsorship is Etihad’s stadium and Etihad’s association with Manchester city and a football team which attracts a wide audience (Etihad, 2012). The disadvantage of sponsorships is that the investments made by the sponsors do not always guarantee that the objectives will be achieved. In the case of Etihad, investing in sport teams can backfire if they don’t meet the expectations the firm had for their performance. The final disadvantage of sponsorships involves any bad publicity derived from the benefactor will inevitably affect the brand name associated. 6. 0 Contribution to the Competitive Advantage and its Sustainability After analysing Etihad’s main marketing strategies, the discussion below will be about how each of the components of these strategies contributes to the firm’s competitive advantage. 6. Segmentation, Positioning and Targeting Segmentation gives Etihad a competitive advantage because it helps them differentiate and understand their customers’ needs more and helps improve their offering to the different types of customers. By understanding their customers’ needs better, they can gain an advantage over their rivals. On the other hand, every airline segments their customers according to the different classes ther efore there is not much of an advantage since they all have a similar system of segmenting their customers. Etihad’s positioning gives them a competitive advantage because they position themselves as a 5 star airline offering 5 star hotel quality services on board. Their service on board is what sets them apart from their competitors. This advantage is sustainable in the long run provided they maintain their high standards throughout. Also, in terms of positioning, Etihad found a â€Å"gap† in the market by using Abu Dhabi Airport as their base rather than Dubai airport because of the cheaper airport fees and taxes which gives them a cost saving competitive advantage. By targeting a specific demographic, Etihad’s marketing campaigns are likely to be more cost and time efficient as it will be highly relevant to the target market’s needs and it enables them to stand out from their competitors. 6. 2 Strategic Alliances and Sponsorships Strategic alliances have enabled Etihad to create a competitive advantage in their industry and make this advantage sustainable. Etihad engage in strategic alliances as a way of seeking to reduce competition in their quest to raise profits (Badaracco, 1991). These alliances have nabled the company to share the risks associated with the ventures because some projects are too complicated for Etihad to handle on their own. (Badaracco, 1991). By collaborating with other firms worldwide, Etihad are overcoming barriers to entry in new geographical markets since they are a growing company looking to expand globally. Organizations expanding overseas find that they require a local partner due to unfamiliarity with the local conditions (Badaracco, 1991). Strategic alliances enable firms to exchange favours such as improving product quality, technologies and factors related to products. Sustainable competitive advantage indicates that companies could maintain their completive advantage for a long term (Culpan, 2008). Through their strategic alliance with Sabre in December 2011, Etihad gained access to integrated software across its reservations, inventory marketing and e-commerce, distribution and departure control operations. The benefits from this alliance included improved joint market share which has the potential to generate over $25 million dollars per annum for both companies. This report attempts to analyse the environment in which Etihad Airways Company has to maintain its business profitable and prosperous. The report covers main marketing strategies and tools Etihad uses for the purpose of identifying and understanding its customers’ base and keeping a relationship with it. Finally, the extent to which these marketing strategies help to keep the business and its competitive advantages sustainable is evaluated and critically accessed.

Salmonella Essay Example For Students

Salmonella Essay DescriptionSalmonella is an intestinal infection caused by Salmonella enterica bacteria. You can become infected by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella or by touching infected pets. In rarer cases, Salmonella infection can also be carried in medical products that were derived from contaminated animals. Before a Salmonella infection can begin, somewhere between 100,000 and 100,000,000 Salmonella enterica bacteria must actually be swallowed. Salmonella bacteria invade the intestinal wall, where they trigger inflammation. They also produce irritating intestinal poisons. In some rare cases, Salmonella bacteria may enter the bloodstream and settle in tissues and organs far away from the intestines. This spread of Salmonella infection is most common in infants, in the elderly, and in patients whose immune defenses are weakened. SymptomsAfter someone has eaten food contaminated with Salmonella bacteria, it usually takes 8 to 48 hours for symptoms to begin. Symptoms of Salmonella include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and muscle aches. PreventionYou can prevent Salmonella by thoroughly cooking all meats, ground beef, poultry and eggs, and by promptly refrigerating all leftovers. Whenever silverware has touched raw meat, wash these items thoroughly with soap and water. Also, avoid eating eggs that are raw or partially cooked. Frequent hand washing is particularly important, especially after using the rest room. TreatmentDoctors do not usually prescribe antibiotics, since patients typically recover on their own in a few days. Since many strains of Salmonella are resistant to one or more antibiotics, a patient may be treated initially with one antibiotic, then switched to a second antibiotic if it doesnt work. PrognosisMost patients with Salmonella recover within 5 to 10 days; however, they may continue to pass Salmonella bacteria in their stool for up to 2 months. ConclusionSalmonella can be a fatal disease, but in most cases it is lived through. The main two things to do to prevent getting Salmonella is to cook all food thoroughly before eating, and to wash your hands frequently. BibliographySalmonella. Encarta. 1994www.discoveryhealth.com. Salmonella Infections. Salmonella The Masshal caventish Encyclopedia of Health. 1989www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/Glad/1798.Salmonella. Category: Science